The terms of some mortgage loan modifications include deferment of a portion of the money owed, which is not paid back in monthly payments like the rest of the loan. Rather, the deferred amount is put to the side when a loan is permanently modified, where it accumulates no interest.
When the loan matures or the home is sold, the deferred amount has to be paid back in one balloon payment.
When a loan modification includes a deferment it is typically for the amount the borrower is past due, which includes fees, and can be tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars.